When reality differs from expectations

Adoptive parenthood is associated with strong emotions: hope, joy, a new beginning. However, in addition to positive feelings, many adoptive parents also face unexpected challenges. Integrating a child into a new family involves complex adjustment processes—both for the child and for the parents. Studies show that adoptive parents have an increased risk of psychological distress and illness, especially in the early stages after adoption (McKay et al., 2010). Reasons for this include high expectations, emotional stress, possible attachment difficulties, and the social invisibility of this form of parenting.